From ftir results, the ability of etpes to form hydrogen bond weakened with the percentage of n2cyanoethyl diethanolamine increasing, which further lead to the decrease of maximum. Thestartingcompound,glycidylazidemonomer ga 3, was prepared by reacting epichlorohydrin ech with hydrazoic acid followed by cyclization as shown in scheme 2. The product was characterized by fourier transform infrared ftir, ultravioletvisible uvvis, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy nmr analyses. Synthesis, characterization and rheology of tetrafunctional glycidyl azide polymer visavis difunctional gap 28 august 2015 polymer bulletin, vol. A new functionalized 60fullerene glycidyl azide polymer c60gap was synthesized for the first time using a modified bingel reaction of 60fullerene c60 and bromomalonic acid glycidyl azide polymer ester bmgap. We briefly introduce the key properties of this wellknown polymer, the difference between energetic and nonenergetic binders in propellant and explosive formulations, the fundamentals for producing gap and its copolymers, as well as for curing gap using different types of curing. Us5055600a glycidyl azide polymer gap synthesis by. Us5055600a us07514,629 us51462990a us5055600a us 5055600 a us5055600 a us 5055600a us 51462990 a us51462990 a us 51462990a us 5055600 a us5055600 a us 5055600a authority us united states prior art keywords azide quaternary ammonium polymer sub ions prior art date 19900424 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a. The safety characteristics of gap loaded with rdx rdxgap 86. Synthesis of highenergy polymer glycidyl azide polymer gap. The published literature on applications of gap often does not describe the specifications of gap used. The azide reacts at a more rapid rate with the polyepichlorohydrin due to the presence of the catalyst to yield the desired polymer.
Historical development of glycidyl azide polymer journal of. Characterization of segme nted block copolyurethane network. Synthesis of glycidyl triazolyl polymers using click. Energy performances of nitrocelluloseglycidyl azide polymer matrix and nitrocelluloseglycidyl azide polymer2,4,6,8,10,12hexanitro2,4,6,8,10,12hexaazaisowurtzitane nanocomposites were evaluated, that is, the parameters such as standard specific impulse, characteristic speed, combustion chamber temperature, average molecular weight of. Fluorinated glycidyl azide polymers as potential energetic binders minghui xu, ab zhongxue ge,b xianming lu,b hongchang mo,b yueping jib and huaiming huc to improve the mechanical properties of glycidyl azide polymer gapbased polyurethane network binders, a novel. Burning rate characteristics of glycidyl azide polymer gap fuels and propellants 23 august 2012 hydroxylterminated poly azidomethyl ethylene oxidebbutadienebazidomethyl ethylene oxidesynthesis, characterization and its potential as a propellant binder. Characterization of segme nted block copolyurethane. Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyl terminated poly. Us4937361a us07305,033 us30503389a us4937361a us 4937361 a us4937361 a us 4937361a us 30503389 a us30503389 a us 30503389a us 4937361 a us4937361 a us 4937361a authority us united states prior art keywords mixture method catalyst chloride selected prior art date 19890202 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a. Nitrocelluloseglycidyl azide polymer2,4,6,8,10,12hexanitro2,4,6,8,10,12hexaazaisowurtzitane nanocomposites, in which 2,4,6,8,10,12hexanitro2,4,6,8,10,12. Synthesis and characterization of novel ferrocenyl glycidyl. Glycidyl azide polymer and method of preparation rockwell. Feb 10, 2019 poly glycidyl azide pga is considered excellent energetic binder or plasticizer in advanced solid propellants because of its high heat of combustion, thermal stability, and good compatibility with oxidizers. The study of mechanical and creep properties of glycidyl.
Research advances in synthesis of glycidyl azide polymer plasticizers wang jinggang1, liu dan1, cao guangyu2, li junxian2 1. Synthesis and characterization of glycidyl azide polymers. From ftir results, the ability of etpes to form hydrogen bond weakened with the percentage of n2cyanoethyl diethanolamine increasing, which. Glycidyl azide polymer gap has been extensively studied for use as an energetic additive or fuel binder in various types of rocket propellant including integrated ram rocket propellant. Glycidyl azide polymer gap is one of the wellknown lowmolecular weight energetic liquid prepolymer, which was developed to use as energetic binder. We report the preparation of glycidyl azide polymers gaps by the reaction of a prepolymer polyepichlorohydrin pech with sodium azide nan3 in mixture solvents of different mass ratios with ionic liquid 1butyl3methylimidazolium chloride bmimcl and water without catalysts.
Different bgap polymers, obtained by varying some synthesis parameters, were incorporated into the formulation in order to study the effect on the mechanical properties of resulting propellants. The linear burning rate spectrum of gap was broadened when it was diluted it with polyethylene glycol peg. Historical development of glycidyl azide polymer journal. Synthesis of azido polymers as potential energetic. Polyglycidyl azide, pga, was grafted onto hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene, htpb, via free radical mechanism. Us5055600a glycidyl azide polymer gap synthesis by molten. A novel energetic polymer, fluorinecontaining glycidyl azide polymers fgap was developed via an initial cationic copolymerization of epichlorohydrin and 1,1,1trifluoro2,3epoxypropane. Chapter 4 scale up studies on process for glycidyl azide.
The presence of an azido group n3 in the chain leads to. Isothermal curing of the glycidyl azide polymer binder. The cationic ringopening polymerization of glycidyl azide did not yield glycidyl azide polymer gap due. As a highly customeroriented enterprise, we are committed to providing highquality customer services and products to our global customers in a costeffective and efficient manner. Polyglycidyl azide pga is considered excellent energetic binder or plasticizer in advanced solid propellants because of its high heat of combustion, thermal stability, and good compatibility with oxidizers. A strategy for synthesis of azide polymers via controlledliving free radical copolymerization of allyl azide under 60co. Ferrocenyl based poly glycidyl azide, gap, was synthesized by treatment of sodium azide with this copolymer in dmf as solvent at room temperature. Energetic polyurethanes were then obtained from the curing of branched glycidyl azide polymers. Gap diol is an energetic resin based on a polyether diol, and grafted with azido energetic groups in the chain. Branched glycidyl azide polymer gap and glycidyl azideethylene oxide copolymer gec have been prepared by a degradation process using different polyols in the synthesis reaction.
Glycidyl azide polymer and its derivativesversatile binders. Synthesis and characterization of deuterated glycidyl azide polymer gap sophie ringuette department of chemistry, laval university, quebec, g1k 7p4 canada, and precision weapons section, defence research and development canada a valcartier, quebec, g3j 1x5 canada charles dubois a. The purpose of this new approach is to identify the key steps in thermal decomposition mechanism of gap. Figure 31 the structure of glycidyl azide polymer 41 figure 32 the general process for synthesizing the. Per valence bond theory, azide can be described by several resonance structures. Synthesis of glycidyl azide polymers gaps via binary ionic.
Research advances in synthesis of glycidyl azide polymer. Three types of cationic moieties imidazolium, pyridinium and pyrrolidinium and two types of spacers between the 1,2,3triazol ionic. Glycidyl azide polymer and polyethylene glycol as hybrid. Chapter 4 scale up studies on process for glycidyl azide polymer. A new functionalized 60fullereneglycidyl azide polymer c60gap was synthesized for the first time using a modified bingel reaction of 60fullerene c60 and bromomalonic acid glycidyl azide polymer ester bmgap. An example is as adhesives and as monomers in polymer fabrication. Jun 26, 1990 the rate of synthesis of said glycidyl azide polymers may be enhanced by utilizing a heretofore unknown catalytic interaction to enhance the solubility of the azide in dmso.
Microwave assisted synthesis and characterization of glycidyl azide. Consequently, the vast majority of recent research. Chapter v the synthesis and characterization of energetic 80 foams introduction 80 experimental methods 87. Us4937361a glycidyl azide polymer and method of preparation. Direct access to polyglycidyl azide and its copolymers. Thermal and photodegradation of glycidyl azide polymers. To improve its curing behavior and mechanical properties, the synthesis of multifunctional gap has been attempted. Glycidyl azide polymer gap synthesis by molten salt. Glycidyl azide polymer 80044106 suppliers buyersguidechem. Zhang z j, wang g, wang z and luo y j 2015 synthesis and characterization of novel energetic thermoplastic elastomers based on glycidyl azide polymer gap with bonding functions polym. Glycidyl azide polymer gap synthesis by molten salt method download pdf. The cationic ringopening polymer ization of glycidyl azide did not yield glycidyl azide polymer gap due. Synthesis and characterization of glycidylpolymerbased. This is the first case of the synthesis of glycidyl triazolyl polymer by click chemistry.
Synthesis and characterization of deuterated glycidyl azide. Catalyst was obtained by dissolving dibutyltin dilaurate dbtdl. Microwave assisted synthesis and characterization of glycidyl. In this article, a synthesis of gap is described allowing to obtain a polymer of different molecular masses. The polyepichlorohydrins contain cl as a good leaving group, which is easily replaced by n. The sample was a viscous, yellow liquid with an average molecular weight of 800 and a hydroxyl value of 2. Glycidyl nitramine polymer 295 after the staudinger azideamine conversion, the measured elemental analysis of 1 fitted well with the calculated values for one hydrochloride molecule and 0. However, gap produced by rocketdyne, usa, has m n 1668 and m w 2097 with oh. Synthesis and characterization of novel ferrocenyl. A solventfree molten salt method for the synthesis of glycidyl azide polymer. Higher impulse and detonation velocity due to the higher heat of formation of the molecule.
The azido homopolymers and copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and viscometry techniques. The expected glycidyl triazolyl polymer could be obtained in high yields and all of azide groups in polymer converted to triazolyl groups clearly. Full text pdf 23k abstracts hybrid rockets that use glycidyl azide polymer gap as a solid fuel were studied. Glycidyl azide polymer gap synthesis by molten salt method. Energetic polyurethanes from branched glycidyl azide polymer. In the present paper, a tetrafunctional gap tgap was synthesized by epoxidation of linear difunctional polyepichlorohydrin pechdiol.
Poly glycidyl azide pga is considered excellent energetic binder or plasticizer in advanced solid propellants because of its high heat of combustion, thermal stability, and good compatibility with oxidizers. Polyglycidyl azide is an excellent energetic binder or plasticizer, however its production relies on postmodificaiton strategies. Glycidyl azide polymer synthesis by molten salt method. We briefly introduce the key properties of this wellknown polymer, the difference between energetic and nonenergetic binders in propellant and explosive formulations, the fundamentals for producing gap and its copolymers, as well as for curing gap using different types of curing agents. The highly sensitive and facile colorimetric detection of the glycidyl azide polymer based on propargylamine functionalized gold nanoparticles using click chemistry. Dec 06, 2019 glycidyl azide polymer gap is a wellknown and wellinvestigated system typical properties of commercially available gappolyol are shown in table 1 that has been in widespread application for almost three decades, leaving little possibility for discovering any novel properties or features. Synthesis of azido polymers as potential energetic propellant. Please contact the address or phone number listed on the first page of the sds for additional toxicological information. Characterization of segmented block copolyurethane network based on glycidyl azide polymer and polycaprolactone macromol. The energetic thermoplastic elastomers etpe of glycidyl azide polymer with bonding functions were synthesized by using mixture of chain extenders including 1,4butanediol and n2cyanoethyl diethanolamine. Burning rate characteristics of gap propellants journal. Glycidyl azide polymer triol 183941 80 glycidyl azide polymer diol 183952 20 section 4. Glycidyl azide polymer glycidyl polyazide gap is one of the best known energetic binders, applicable as a component increasing a calorific value of rocket propellants. Here, the authors directly produced poly glycidyl azide via.
Energetic polyurethanes from branched glycidyl azide. Aug 28, 2015 glycidyl azide polymer gap with hydroxyl functionality of two is a potential energetic binder for explosive and propellant formulations. Glycidyl azide polymer gap is one of the wellknown lowmolecular weight energetic liquid pre polymer, which was developed to use as energetic binder, high performance additive and gas generator. Fluorinated glycidyl azide polymers as potential energetic. Pdf synthesis of highenergy polymer glycidyl azide. Synthesis of glycidyl azide polymers gaps via binary ionic liquidwater mixtures without catalysts xiaodong xu,a,b meihua liu, a yuan yin, a chunbai zheng, a pengyang denga and dongfeng xuea a polymer composites engineering laboratory, changchun institute of applied chemistry, chinese academy of sciences, changchun 022, china. Synthesis and characterization of 60fullereneglycidyl. Characteristics and properties of nitrocelluloseglycidyl. Selfcombustible mixtures were used for the gas hybrid rocket motor. Synthesis and characterization of deuterated glycidyl. The rate of synthesis of said glycidyl azide polymers may be enhanced by utilizing a heretofore unknown catalytic interaction to enhance the solubility of the azide in dmso. Henan university of science and technology, luoyang 471003, china. Glycidyl nitramine polymer 295 after the staudinger azide amine conversion, the measured elemental analysis of 1 fitted well with the calculated values for one hydrochloride molecule and 0.
Jan 17, 2019 poly glycidyl azide is an excellent energetic binder or plasticizer, however its production relies on postmodificaiton strategies. Apr 17, 2015 the energetic thermoplastic elastomers etpe of glycidyl azide polymer with bonding functions were synthesized by using mixture of chain extenders including 1,4butanediol and n2cyanoethyl diethanolamine. Glycidyl azide polymer gap an energetic component of. Glycidyl azide polymer and its derivativesversatile. Glycidyl azide polymer gap with two oh groups per molecule was used. Scale up studies on process for glycidyl azide polymer 4.
Energetic polyurethanes were then obtained from the curing of. Solventfree synthesis of glycidyl ethers investigating factors in uencing the yield of alkyl glycidyl ethers henrik sjovold department of chemistry and chemical engineering division of applied surface chemistry chalmers university of technology abstract surfactants are a widely used group of chemicals. Microwave assisted synthesis and characterization of. Polyglycidyl azide, a highly energetic polymer readily.
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